RU:Proposed features/Healthcare 2.0/Specialties

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Примечание: В данной статье используется американская орфография со словом "specialty". Однако британское написание с "speciality" по умолчанию.

Медицинские специальности

В случае если вы не нашли основную страницу.

Значения для тега health_specialty:*=yes/main/additional/no/partial/trained:

yes: Специальность практикуется человеком/учреждением.
main: Тоже что и "yes", но специальность является основной для человека/учреждения.
additional: Тоже что и "yes", но специальность является дополнительной для человека/учреждения.
no: Специальность не практикуется человеком/учреждением.
partial: Возможно оказание ограниченных услуг по данной специальности. Этот тег позволяет указать что предоставляемые услуги ниже стандартов данной страны или региона.
trained: Работник обучен данной специальности, но не практикует её и не предоставляет услуг по ней.

Медицинские специальности

Основные специальности врачей, учреждений, медицинских лабораторий и т.д.

Основные специальности

Key Value Description Picture
health_specialty:anatomy yes/main/
additional/
no/partial/
trained
Anatomy. tries to understand the inner structure of living organisms
health_specialty:anaesthesiology Anaesthesiology. blocking pain on surgeries, also by making the patient temporarily unresponsive
health_specialty:biochemistry Biochemistry. studies chemical processes in living organisms
health_specialty:public_health Public health/Community medicine/Community health/Social medicine. preventing diseases and make informed choices affecting the overall health of a community, based on population health analysis
health_specialty:dentistry Dentistry/stomatology. treatment disorders of the teeth and inside the mouth
health_specialty:dermatology Dermatology. treatment of skin disorders
health_specialty:disaster_medicine Disaster medicine. disaster response and recovery medicine
health_specialty:ear_nose_throat Otolaryngology/Otorhinolaryngology/ENT. treatment of ear, nose and throat
health_specialty:emergency_medicine Emergency medicine/Traumatology. treatment of acute illnesses or injuries, which require immediate medical attention
health_specialty:environmental_medicine Environmental medicine. studying the interactions between environment and human health, and the role of the environment in causing or mediating disease
health_specialty:family_medicine Family medicine/General medicine. primary health care providing continuing, comprehensive care to individuals across all ages, sexes, diseases, and parts of the body
health_specialty:intensive_care_medicine Intensive-care medicine. life support of patients who are critically ill
health_specialty:internal_medicine Internal medicine. laboratory supported diagnosis and treatment, especially of undifferentiated or multi-system inside body diseases
health_specialty:medical_genetics Medical genetics. diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders
health_specialty:medical_microbiology Medical microbiology. study of medical important micro-organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
health_specialty:neurology Neurology. treatment of disorders of the nervous system
health_specialty:nuclear_medicine Nuclear medicine. uses radionuclides for diagnosis and treatment of disease
health_specialty:occupational_medicine Occupational medicine. health of people engaged in work or employment
health_specialty:ophthalmology Ophthalmology. medicine and diseases of the eyes
health_specialty:optometry Optometry. non-surgical treatment of diseases affecting vision
health_specialty:paediatrics Paediatrics. medical care of infants, children, and adolescents
health_specialty:pain_medicine Pain medicine/Algiatry. medicine of pain reduction
health_specialty:palliative_medicine Palliative medicine. treatment that reduces the severity of disease symptoms, rather than cure, delay, or reverse progression the disease itself
health_specialty:pathology Pathology. does detection, definition and categorization of diseases
health_specialty:pharmacology Pharmacology. studies drug action in humans
health_specialty:physiatry Physiatry/Physical medicine and rehabilitation medicine. aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities
health_specialty:physiology Physiology. science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of organism in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed
health_specialty:psychiatry Psychiatry. study and treatment of mental disorders. This generic tag includes health_specialty:child_psychiatry=* and health_specialty:adult_psychiatry=*
health_specialty:radiology Radiology. medical imaging or treatment of the interior of the human body using various forms of radiation
health_specialty:reproductive_medicine Reproductive medicine. medical prevention, diagnosis and management of reproductive problems
health_specialty:sleep_medicine Sleep medicine. diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders
health_specialty:sports_medicine Sports medicine. treatment of injuries related to sport
health_specialty:surgery Surgery. uses operative techniques on patients to investigate and/or treat disorders or injury
health_specialty:transfusion_medicine Transfusion medicine/Transfusiology. is concerned with the transfusion of blood and blood components
health_specialty:unknown This is a specialized health object, e.g. a hospital, but the specialty is not known.

Узкие специальности

Key Value Common subspecialty of Description Picture
health_specialty:epidemiology yes/main/
additional/
no/partial/
trained
public_health Epidemiology. study of patterns of health and illness and associated factors at population level
health_specialty:social_medicine public_health Social medicine. seeks to understand how social and economic conditions impact health, disease and the practice of medicine
health_specialty:endodontics dentistry Endodontics. treatment of the dental pulp
health_specialty:oral_surgery dentistry Oral surgery. surgery of the mouth, teeth, gums, jaws; it does not include the whole head
health_specialty:orthodontics dentistry Orthodontics. therapy of improper bites
health_specialty:periodontology dentistry Periodontology. treatment of teeth supporting structures
health_specialty:prosthodontics dentistry Prosthodontics. prosthetic dentistry
health_specialty:audiology ear_nose_throat Audiology. treatment of hearing and balance disorders
health_specialty:phoniatrics ear_nose_throat Phoniatrics. treatment of organs involved with speech production
health_specialty:andrology internal_medicine Andrology. health of the male reproductive system
health_specialty:angiology internal_medicine Angiology/Vascular medicine. treatment of diseases of the circulatory system
health_specialty:cardiology internal_medicine Cardiology. deals with disorders of the heart
health_specialty:endocrinology internal_medicine Endocrinology. treatment of illnesses of the hormone secreting glands
health_specialty:gastroenterology internal_medicine Gastroenterology. treatment of the digestive system/gastrointestinal tract
health_specialty:geriatrics internal_medicine Geriatrics. supporting health of old adults
health_specialty:gynaecology internal_medicine Gynaecology. health of the female reproductive system
health_specialty:haematology internal_medicine Haematology. diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases
health_specialty:infectiology internal_medicine Infectiology/Infectious diseases. treatment of illnesses resulting from the presence of pathogenic biological agents
health_specialty:nephrology internal_medicine Nephrology. treatment of diseases of the kidney
health_specialty:oncology internal_medicine Oncology. treatment of tumours
health_specialty:pulmonology internal_medicine Pulmonology/Pneumology/Respiratory medicine. treatment of diseases of the respiratory system
health_specialty:rheumatology internal_medicine Rheumatology. treatment of diseases affecting the joints, muscles, and bones
health_specialty:immunology medical_microbiology Immunology. deals with malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders
health_specialty:aviation_medicine occupational_medicine Aviation medicine/Flight medicine/Aerospace medicine. treat or prevent conditions to which aircrews are particularly susceptible
health_specialty:neonatology paediatrics Neonatology. care of ill or premature newborn infants
health_specialty:paediatric_cardiology paediatrics Cardiology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_diabetology paediatrics Diabetology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_endocrinology paediatrics Endocrinology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_gastroenterology paediatrics Gastroenterology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_haematology paediatrics Haematology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_nephrology paediatrics Nephrology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_neurology paediatrics Neurology/Neuropaediatrics done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_oncology paediatrics Oncology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_ophthalmology paediatrics Ophthalmology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_orthopaedics paediatrics Orthopaedics done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_pulmonology paediatrics Pulmonology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:paediatric_rheumatology paediatrics Rheumatology done on children and adolescents
health_specialty:social_paediatrics paediatrics Social paediatrics whole-family and whole-community approach to child medical problems and prevention
health_specialty:clinical_pathology pathology Clinical pathology/Laboratory Medicine/Clinical analysis/Clinical Biology/Medical Biology diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids
health_specialty:forensic_pathology pathology Forensic pathology. determining the cause of death by doing an autopsy
health_specialty:neuropathology pathology Neuropathology. deals with the origin of diseases of the nervous system
health_specialty:toxicology pathology Toxicology. study of harmful or toxic effects of drugs
health_specialty:clinical_pharmacology pharmacology Clinical pharmacology. studies how clinical drugs affecting the human metabolism
health_specialty:addiction_medicine psychiatry Addiction medicine. treatment of addiction such as detoxification and rehabilitation
health_specialty:adult_psychiatry psychiatry Psychiatry. treatment of mental disorders in adults
health_specialty:child_psychiatry psychiatry Child and adolescent psychiatry. treatment of psychopathological disorders of children and adolescents
health_specialty:forensic_psychiatry psychiatry Forensic psychiatry. law enforcement supporting psychiatry
health_specialty:neuropsychiatry psychiatry Neuropsychiatry. diseases of the nervous system which cause metal disorders
health_specialty:psychosomatic_medicine psychiatry Psychosomatic medicine. studies the relationships of social, psychological and behavioural factors on body processes and well-being
health_specialty:diagnostic_radiology radiology Diagnostic radiology.creates medical images of the human body for clinical purposes e.g. diagnosis
health_specialty:neuroradiology radiology Neuroradiology. diagnosis and characterization of abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system
health_specialty:paediatric_radiology radiology Paediatric radiology. imaging of foetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults
health_specialty:radiotherapy radiology Radiotherapy/Radiation therapy/Radiation oncology. use of ionising radiation for treating cancer
health_specialty:cardiothoracic_surgery surgery Cardiothoracic surgery. treatment of diseases affecting organs inside the thorax/chest
health_specialty:colorectal_surgery surgery Colorectal surgery/Proctology. surgery of the colon, rectum and anal canal
health_specialty:general_surgery surgery General Surgery/Abdominal surgery. surgery of abdominal organs, e.g. esophagus, intestine, stomach,
liver, pancreas, gallbladder
health_specialty:hand_surgery surgery Hand surgery. treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity
health_specialty:maxillofacial_surgery surgery Oral and maxillofacial surgery. surgery of the head, neck, face
health_specialty:neurosurgery surgery Neurosurgery. treatment of disorders affecting nervous system
health_specialty:obstetrics surgery Obstetrics. care of women and their children during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period
health_specialty:orthopaedics surgery Orthopaedic surgery. musculoskeletal system
health_specialty:paediatric_surgery surgery Paediatric surgery. surgery of foetuses, infants, children, adolescents and young adults
health_specialty:plastic_surgery surgery Plastic surgery. surgical correction or restoration of form and function of organs
health_specialty:podiatry surgery Podiatry. diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and lower leg
health_specialty:transplant_surgery surgery Transplant surgery. surgical transplant of organs
health_specialty:trauma_surgery surgery Trauma surgery. treatment of physical injuries caused by emergencies
health_specialty:urology surgery Urology. surgery of the urinary tract
health_specialty:vascular_surgery surgery Vascular surgery. surgery of the vascular system (arteries and veins)

Совсем узкие специальности

Key Value Common subspecialty of Description Picture
health_specialty:cardiovascular_surgery yes/main/
additional/
no/partial/
trained
cardiothoracic_surgery Cardiovascular surgery. surgery of the heart and the great vessels
health_specialty:thoracic_surgery cardiothoracic_surgery Thoracic_surgery. treatment organs inside the thorax, but without the heart
health_specialty:phlebotomy vascular_surgery Phlebotomy. process of making an incision in a vein, e.g. to draw blood
health_specialty:diabetology endocrinology Diabetology. clinical science of diabetes mellitus, its diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
health_specialty:hepatology gastroenterology Hepatology. treatment of disorders of the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas
health_specialty:allergology immunology Allergology. treatment of hypersensitive disorders of the immune system
health_specialty:tropical_medicine infectiology Tropical_medicine. treatment of health problems that occur uniquely, are more widespread, or prove more difficult to control in tropical and subtropical regions
health_specialty:venereology infectiology Venereology. treatment of sexually transmitted diseases
health_specialty:urogynaecology urology Urogynecology. treatment of urinary incontinence and female pelvic floor disorders

Специальности терапии и альтернативной медицины

Основные специальности

Key Value Description Picture
health_specialty:alternative_medicine yes/main/
additional/
no/partial/
trained
Alternative medicine. any healing practice that does not fall within the realm of conventional medicine in the affected medical system
health_specialty:manual_therapy Manual therapy/manipulative therapy. physical intervention on the body through hands-on therapy
health_specialty:balneotherapy Balneotherapy. treatment of disease by bathing, usually practiced at spas
health_specialty:belief_based_therapy belief based therapy. therapies which mainly/only rely on belief, e.g. they are more like a religious procedure or belie e.g. in some form of higher energy
health_specialty:dietetics Dietetics. dietary modification to address medical issues involving dietary intake
health_specialty:hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy. using water for treating illnesses; in most cases the effects of temperature changes or steam e.g. as used in a sauna
health_specialty:mind_body_intervention Mind-body intervention. methods to enhance the mind's capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms
health_specialty:music_therapy Music therapy. interpersonal process in which a trained music therapist uses music and all of its facets—physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic, and spiritual—to help clients to improve or maintain their health
health_specialty:naturopathy Naturopathy/Naturopathic medicine. focuses on the body's vitalistic ability to heal and maintain itself
health_specialty:occupational_therapy Occupational therapy. promoting health and well being through occupation
health_specialty:physiotherapy Physiotherapy/Physical therapy. attempted remediation to individuals to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability
health_specialty:phytotherapy Phytotherapy/Herbalism/herbology/herbal medicine/botanical medicine. medical use of plants and plant extracts
health_specialty:podology Podology/medical foot care. preventive, non-physical treatment of the feet e.g. for diabetics
health_specialty:psychotherapy Psychotherapy. intentional interpersonal relationship used by trained psychotherapists to aid a patient in problems of living
health_specialty:speech_therapy Speech therapy/Speech and language therapy/Logopaedics. therapy of speech and language disorders
health_specialty:traditional_medicine based on traditional medicine. treatments based on traditional medical systems

Узкие специальности

Key Value Common subspecialty of Description Picture
health_specialty:homoeopathy yes/main/
additional/
no/partial/
trained
belief_based_therapy Homoeopathy. treatment with highly diluted preparations, which contain (nearly) pure water
health_specialty:reiki belief_based_therapy Reiki. religious influenced Japanese palm energy transfer therapy, not based on any long term experience
health_specialty:anthroposophical_medicine belief_based_therapy Anthroposophical_medicine. esoteric-spiritual medical system based on Rudolf Steiners own religion intermixed with homoeopathy
health_specialty:bach_flower_remedies belief_based_therapy Bach flower remedies. extremely diluted flower extracts which energies should considered a psychiatric medication replacement
health_specialty:chiropractic manual_therapy Chiropractic. treatment of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine, under the hypothesis that these disorders affect general health via the nervous system
health_specialty:massage_therapy manual_therapy Massage therapy. manipulation of superficial and deeper layers of muscle and connective tissue to enhance the function and promote relaxation and well-being. See also shop=massage
health_specialty:autogenic_training mind_body_intervention Autogenic training. is a relaxation technique based on auto-suggestion developed by the German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz
health_specialty:meditation mind_body_intervention Meditation. practices in which the practitioner trains his or her mind or self-induces a mode of consciousness in order to realize some benefit
health_specialty:progressive_muscle_relaxation mind_body_intervention Progressive muscle relaxation/PMR. technique for reducing anxiety by alternately tensing and relaxing the muscles
health_specialty:yoga mind_body_intervention Yoga. system of physical/mental exercises, closely connected to Indian meditation practice
health_specialty:art_therapy psychotherapy Art therapy. uses any forms of visual art expression as help for expressing inner problems
health_specialty:behavioural_psychotherapy psychotherapy Behavioural psychotherapy. psychotherapy with uses on learning theory for behaviour modification
health_specialty:body_psychotherapy psychotherapy Body psychotherapy/body-oriented psychotherapy/somatic psychology. psychotherapy which works with the mind to improve body functions (e.g. uses techniques from mind_body_intervention)
health_specialty:cognitive_psychotherapy psychotherapy Cognitive psychotherapy. seeks to help the patient overcome difficulties by identifying and changing dysfunctional thinking and emotional responses
health_specialty:cognitive_behavioural_psychotherapy psychotherapy Cognitive behavioural psychotherapy. combines techniques from cognitive and behavioural psychotherapy
health_specialty:depth_psychology psychotherapy Depth psychology/Psychoanalysis/Analytical psychology. encourages the verbalization of all the patient's thoughts, including free associations, fantasies, and dreams, from which the analyst formulates the nature of the unconscious conflicts
health_specialty:systemic_psychotherapy psychotherapy Systemic Psychotherapy. dealing with the interactions of groups and their interactional patterns and dynamics
health_specialty:humanistic_psychotherapy psychotherapy Humanistic psychotherapy. looks on the whole human and their needs and not only on the depth or "unconscious" aspects
health_specialty:traditional_chinese_medicine traditional_medicine Tui na. traditional Chinese medicine
health_specialty:kampo traditional_medicine Kampo. traditional Japanese medicine which is based on TCM
health_specialty:unani traditional_medicine Unani. traditional greeko-islamic medical system
health_specialty:ayurveda traditional_medicine Ayurveda. one of the traditional Indian medical systems

Совсем узкие специальности

Key Value Common subspecialty of Description Picture
health_specialty:shiatsu yes/main/
additional/
no/partial/
trained
kampo Shiatsu. traditional Japanese manual/hands-on therapy
health_specialty:acupuncture traditional_chinese_medicine Acupuncture. traditional Taoistic treatment which inserts needles in the body to control the qi flow over certain distinct points
health_specialty:qi_gong traditional_chinese_medicine Qi Gong. describes various Chinese systems of physical and mental training for health, martial arts and self-enlightenment
health_specialty:tui_na traditional_chinese_medicine Tui na. traditional hands-on body treatment that uses Chinese taoist principles (also includes acupressure)