User:Bkil/amenity=dessert
Foreword
This whole page is TODO. Feel free to extend it, especially if you copy&paste things we have previously discussed publicly.
If you see an obvious error or omission, feel free to extend the relevant paragraph or section. Otherwise it would be best to open a new section for your thoughts, discuss it and merge it in together.
Here is a separate attempt at trying to summarize the various possibilities of bakery/confectionery/ice cream/pastry/cafe:
Problem statement
There exists a type of venue around Western Europe that sells and/or produces a wide range of pastries and cakes where people usually sit in and socialize. The question is how we could tag this.
This page has been created to facilitate a better overview and international cooperation on this topic.
Description of meaning per country
Czechia
cukrárna https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukr%C3%A1rna
France
- ? https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/patisserie
- ? https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patisserie
cakes, especially those made in the French style a shop that sells cakes, etc.
(What is really confusing, is that many text translate or link this to konditorei or even make the two synonym, but then they have separate Wikidata/Wikipedia entries. Would it be reasonable to merge the two? Is patisserie really just a shop selling these items, while a konditorei could be more about sitting in? We would need to find a native language definition for both of them to tell for sure.)
See below for some feedback we have received from a local.
A patisserie is a shop where you can buy cakes (made in the french style). Sitting to eat is not in the definition, but of course nowadays some patisserie offer this service. (I'll not bet that's the majority do, but may be).
In France you can buy cake in two different shop: Boulangerie or Pâtisserie. Boulangerie is a bread maker, and most of the time they also sell some pastries, sandwiches, salty snacks, drinks... A Pâtisserie is a shop where there is no bread to buy. But of course you may buy there drinks, depends of the owner. A boulanger (bread maker) makes its own pastries that we simply call "Boulangerie Patisserie".
Germany
Sometimes, there are mixed places, which sell both, bread and salty bakery together with sweet bakery (typical in Germany), and there are of course also huge differences in the types of products ("simpler sweet bakery will often be present in a pasticceria, while more sophisticated products may be more probably limited to "pure" pasticcerias (or Konditorei in Germany). A normal "bakery" in Germany will usually also sell simple sweet bakery products ("Kuchen"), while a "Bäckerei Konditorei" will more probably have a bigger selection and more elaborated "Torten".
Also in Germany (and probably elsewhere), you will find different kind of products according to the region.
Hungary
The name of the venue usually contains the word "cukrászda" and/or the more trendy "café & bakery". Hungarians are not familiar with foreign names like konditorei or patisserie.
After reviewing various books, there doesn't seem to exist an up to date and consistent definition that we could apply, but there are some common traits. Many people seem to have an understanding about what makes a venue a "cukrászda", but I have yet to find a universal definition that the majority would agree with. The definition seems to have changed in the past century, losing many of its functions.
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vend%C3%A9gl%C3%A1t%C3%A1s#Cukr%C3%A1szd%C3%A1k (unreferenced section)
- https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a1000057.fvm#pr142id
- http://www.viszki.sulinet.hu/tananyagtar/2017-2018/vend%C3%A9gl%C3%A1t%C3%A1s.pdf
- http://users.atw.hu/deakati/Vendeglato%20gazdalkodasi%20ismeretek/09%20Vendeglato%20uzletek.doc
- https://www.antikvarium.hu/konyv/sztruhar-krisztina-vendeglatas-es-gazdalkodas-szakiskolasoknak-529856
- https://www.antikvarium.hu/konyv/szabo-zoltan-kiraly-laszlo-turizmus-es-vendeglato-ismeretek-311958
- https://docplayer.hu/13944814-Uzletkorok-uzlettipusok.html
bkil/1
This is not my expertise, but let me attempt to construct a definition that may spark others to come up with better alternatives.
There exist two kinds of cukrászda: one where you usually like to sit in and stay for a while with your company, and one from which you primarily purchase or deliver products. The latter one is sometimes, but not always referred to as "cukrászat" (but definitely not understood to be a "süteménybolt" or "pastry shop"). Let me elaborate more on the former one.
- An amenity where people like to spend some time in (this is for the amenity=* type, we could also agree to separate shop=* for those in which you don't sit down)
- Commonly builds up a well known franchise brand/trademark
- Commonly sells to restaurants and cafes, who proudly advertise this fact on the menu as well
- Most often self-service, but may still accept tips
- Usually artisan (hand made, not mass produced):
- Takes custom orders from customers for manufacturing a given item fresh for a given occasion (like a wedding, birthday, home coming, anniversaries, business meetings, gatherings), potentially personalized by negotiating size, ingredients and adding custom text or imagery on top or on the sides
- Technically, the place of production and the place of sale may be separate both physically and as a legal entity, but they may operate under the same brand and people usually associate the two
- The products offered here otherwise could not be purchased prepackaged from the supermarket or from other off-the shelf sources (except for drinks).
- They mostly sell perishables without added preservatives (although some of the ingredients may already contain preservatives)
- The plant part of the operations hires a professional pastry cook ("cukrász" or conditor, can probably also be translated to "confectioner") with a relevant degree and has special government permits to produce such desserts.
- The definition for "cukrász" commands for the artisan production of "cukrászsütemény" (roughly meaning more complicated or fancy pastry and other desserts that are not considered baker's confectionery and may or may not need baking), ice cream-like substances, cakes and sweets (candies). It is not completely synonymous with the French "confiseur" or the Spanish "confitero", because according to Wikipedia, those are more focused around producing high-sugar confections, while this is only part of the capabilities of a Hungarian "cukrász".
- They may have regular special offers by the day of week (for example custard only available on Friday afternoons).
- They usually close much earlier than typical cafes and restaurants, typically around 18:00 or 19:00.
- Offerings
- Various kinds of pastry-based sweet desserts: cakes ("torta"), strudel ("rétes"), bagel, donut (doughnut "fánk"), gingerbread ("mézeskalács" with burnt sugar or chocolate coating: "puszedli"), chimney cake, pancakes ("palacsinta"), petit four ("minyon"), poppy seed roll (mákos/diós beigli), cream puff (or profiterole), punch cake ("puncstorta"), waffle ("gofri"), meringue ("habcsók"), tart ("gyümölcslepény"), pie ("pite"), Florentine biscuit ("moszkauer"), chocolate roll ("kakaós/diós csiga", similar to the "schnecken"), macaron, kifli ("mákos/diós kifli"), zserbó, cupcake, muffin, isler, golden dumplings ("arany galuska"), chocolate brownie
- Various kinds of high-sugar confectionery: marzipan ("marcipán"), caramel figures, marshmallow ("pillecukor")
- Various kinds of sweet desserts whose main ingredient may not be pastry and which are not considered high-sugar confectionery: chocolate, tiramisu, custard ("vaníliasodó"), cheesecake ("sajttorta"), panna cotta, flourless chocolate cake, custard slice ("francia krémes"), somlói galuska, chestnut purée ("gesztenyepüré"), floating island ("madártej"), rice pudding ("tejberizs"), mousse
- Common during the summer: ice cream ("fagylalt"), ice-lolly ("jégkrém"), parfait ("parfé"), milkshake
- A few kinds of cookies and biscuits, salty snacks like pogacha ("pogácsa"), pretzel ("perec") or salty flip-flops with plum jam ("szilvás papucs"), cheesy bar ("sajtos rúd", related to pogácsa)
- Many cukrászda offer a few sugar-free desserts as well and many exist which produce sugar-free products exclusively
- May rarely have sandwiches
- Lots of drink choices (historically it also served alcoholic beverages, but it is rare nowadays), usually coffee as well
- Usually no hot meals
To better understand the use cases which these related POIs serve, here is how a day could go for one from the mid to upper class:
- Enjoy breakfast sandwiches or eggs with coffee while reading the daily news in a cafe in the morning
- In the short lunch break, frequent a fast_food place (or a restaurant)
- After work, have dinner (with the family) in a restaurant for sustenance and to feel full, perhaps improve digestion with some wine or champagne
- Finish up in a cukrászda with a quality dessert (ice cream, pastry or cakes), if the dough was too dry, have some soft drinks as well
- In the evening, grab some alcoholic drinks and catch up with friends in a pub or bar
- Then perhaps frequent a nightclub to dance
As of the 2020, the Hungarian cukrászda places seem to position themselves more as a kind of premium cafes, some even translate themselves as being a "Cafe & bakery" (sometimes cukrászda & restaurant, cukrászda & cafe). I think the previous historical incarnations were more similar to coffee houses (kávéház).
Italy
Pasticceria: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasticceria prepares sweet and salty foods like biscuits, cakes, tortas, pastries, crackers, breadsticks (grissini), pralines, chocolates, candies, even pizza, flat bread (foccace)
Two major subtypes.
Pasticceria salata
- "Pasticceria salata" - salty Pasticceria: pies (torte salate) and sandwiches (tartine)
Understood to be a shop=bakery.
Pasticceria dolce
- "Pasticceria dolce " - sweet Pasticceria: include gelateria (artisanal ice-cream shop, sometimes also selling semifreddo (half cold), ice cream sandwiches), dragée (confetto - almond, hazelnuts or other nuts, chocolate covered with sugar), cakes, fruit salad, glass of liquid creamy desserts
There also exist pasticcerias which specialize in regional products (e.g. pastry from Sicily, also outside of Sicily in other places, e.g. Cannoli: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannoli e Cassata https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassata and cassatina: https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftse1.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOIP.qhDcBUpJMzoRMX2LNVi51wHaE-%26pid%3DApi&f=1
Various tagging practice (randomly picked shops/amenities):
shop=confectionery
Pasticceria Cinque Lune (https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/4798279231) .shop=bakery
Dolce Maniera (https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/511135612)amenity=bar
Pasticceria Andreotti dal 1931 (https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/3958348749), unknown place with name=pasticceria tag (https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/1968896626)amenity=cafe
+shop=bakery
+ name=pasticceriaamenity=cafe
+ name=pasticceria (https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/2083270936)
Poland
There are two terms commonly used to refer to shops making and selling sweet baked goods: cukiernia (from cukier 'sugar') and ciastkarnia (from ciastko 'pastry', diminutive form of ciasto 'cake', 'dough').
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukiernia
Slovakia
cukráreň
Attempted work in progress unified definition for mapping
Mostly a shorter and less specific version of this one: User:Bkil/amenity=dessert#bkil.2F1
Cukrászda where you sit in
- Primarily focuses on mostly visually pleasing desserts (i.e., customers come here for the experience or a special occasion, not for regular feeding)
- Sugar confections (sweets and chocolate confections)
- Flour confections (cakes and pastry)
- Non-dough based desserts (mostly diary, egg or ice cream based)
- Possibly a few salty snacks and sandwiches
- Usually has coffee and a few drink choices, nowadays mostly non-alcoholic
- Most of its meals are artisan, prepared by a highly skilled and licensed professional either on site or in a kitchen principally owned by the same operator usually not far away.
- It is thus usually possible to make customized orders for special occasions
- It's products are generally not pre-packaged
- They generally do not enrich their products with extra preservatives other than what regular ingredients would already contain
- Its special menu implicates some other properties
- The tables are usually smaller than in a restaurant
- Utensils and napkins are provided
- Keeps a chilled translucent counter
- Ordering is usually done at the counter based on visual cues
Cukrászat
- Unfortunately, it is most often also called a "cukrászda".
- Same offering as above, but customers don't come here to sit down and stay, they principally take away or deliver their purchase.
- Despite this, it may technically have 2 chairs and 1 table for tasting before making a larger purchase.
Previous discussions
English
Hungarian
- https://groups.google.com/d/topic/openstreetmap-hungary/NXQyu2ygi7s/discussion
- https://groups.google.com/d/topic/openstreetmap-hungary/63-Sxchbwdg/discussion
- https://groups.google.com/d/topic/openstreetmap-hungary/Y1CgJXAKA5o/discussion
- https://matrix.to/#/!gAwUAKJoCAuYnIoNeV:grin.hu/$mLHn9E2TDzr1Q8G99023k-EXUo8ZoW7_85UBt2yuZKU?via=grin.hu&via=matrix.org
Images and reviews of such places
Austria
Hungary
- https://auguszt.hu/
- http://www.czinielcukraszda.hu/ Cziniel Cukrászda és Kávéház
- http://daubnercukraszda.hu/ https://www.ceginfo.hu/ceg-adatlap/daubner-cukraszda-vendeglatoipari-kft-0109683282.html
- http://gerbeaud.hu/
- https://gourmandmandulacukraszda.hu/
- https://www.facebook.com/jegbufe/
- http://www.hollosy-cukraszat.hu/
- https://koronakertcukraszda.hu/
- https://www.kristalycukraszda.hu/
- https://nandori.hu/
- https://www.szamos.hu/
- http://szilagyicukraszda.hu/
- https://sutode.hu/ Kolosy tér
- https://vanilin.hu/ https://www.ceginfo.hu/ceg-adatlap/vanilin-kft-0109564060.html
- https://vegvaricukraszda.hu/
Photos
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cukr%C3%A1szda._Fortepan_6765.jpg
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pingvin_cukr%C3%A1szda_V%C3%A1c.jpg
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Szap%C3%A1ry_utca_28._(ekkor_gr%C3%B3f_Szap%C3%A1ry_utca_1.),_K%C3%A1d%C3%A1r_cukr%C3%A1szda._Fortepan_73130.jpg
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugusztCukraszda.JPG
Sweden
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofvandahls "the oldest still operating café and konditori in Uppsala"
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vete_Katten "a classic Sweden pastelry and coffeeshop"
Elaborating on the definition of existing tags
Confectionery
A sweets shop, or candy store. A place where candy, chocholate, bonbons are sold.
Bakery
Common in Hungary. Produces simple baked dough based products and breads with regular skilled labor. Usually sells simple commodity, inexpensive items like bread, rolls, buns, etc.
Pastry
The definition there is:
This is a tag to map a pastry shop (patisserie). A shop where baked sweets like cakes, biscuits, strudel and pies are sold (and traditionally also made).
Here are a few kinds of common pastry:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastry
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaky_pastry
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puff_pastry
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choux_pastry
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllo
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_water_crust_pastry
However I'd like to highlight the difficulty of properly interpreting this word. Please consult the above pages for more information. So in a sense, "pastry" simply means "baker's confectionery" (probably translated as "péksütemény") and it refers to dough-based fancy products. However, many kinds of desserts are not dough-based, or the dough is not the most prominent, defining ingredient or preparing it requires special expertise and thus a simple baker can not be expected to be able to make it with proper quality.
Hence pastry shops in this meaning are uncommon in Hungary as a separate category, as "cukrászda" covers all use cases. Cukrászda typically sells sugary confectionery, pastry, cakes and other kinds of desserts as at the same time (see the definition from Hungary above).
Cakery
Uncommon as of now in tagging. Uncommon in Hungary as a separate category, as "cukrászda" covers all use cases.
- Probably more about marketing as their offerings seem to be very close, probably overlapping with shop=pastry. -Bkil (talk)
The dictionary definition of pastry seems to be baked dough, so layered delicacies that may or may not be based on batter might be worthwhile of their own word - cake, but they are definitely not synonyms.
Ice cream
An accepted alternative tagging was amenity=cafe + cuisine=ice_cream, but people seem to have preferred this new tag instead for some reason.
Anyway, an amenity=* is much more common than shop=ice_cream for this one, because ice cream melts easily, so it is very rare to take it home for later consumption. Thus we usually consume the ice cream in a small radius of the POI or sitting inside.
Hungarians know ice cream parlor by the name "fagyizó". No foreign names are understood.
Although this might be technically understood to be a subclass of "cukrászda", it occupies a separate state of mind (amenities also exist with the name "cukrászda & fagyizó"). What differentiates this from a cukrászda is the proportion of chilled vs. non-chilled menu items.
Cafe
A cafe usually has waited tables. They usually have numerous types of beans and machines for coffee. It is normal for people to spend a longer interval of time there while reading the daily news either on paper or on their electronic devices while they can place an order multiple times. It is normal for a hungry person to enter and want to have food for breakfast that can be prepared with minimal skills like a sandwich or some fruits.
A cukrászda is only expected to offer a "default" choice of coffee - usually a single machine with minimal effort customization (cream, milk, sugar, single/double). The menu of a cukrászda, composed of mostly desserts and snacks is not a recommended way to fill up a hungry soul. Similarly to a cafe, it is customary to leave a tip in a cukrászda.
A cafe is only expected to brew its coffee from beans or powder and perhaps prepare some sandwiches on site, but they only purchase their desserts and other meals from elsewhere (possibly from a cukrászda or mass produced products from possibly multiple shops) and act as a resaler. Hence you can not order customized desserts here.
Fast food
A cukrászda is very similar to a fast_food restaurant and could almost be a subtype, but they differ in fundamental function:
- We usually go to fast food outlets for sustenance, because we are hungry and want to feel full.
- However, the offerings of a cukrászda are considered quite expensive and are nutritionally ill balanced (full of sugar, low in various other essential nutrients).
- Hence we usually frequent a cukrászda infrequently for the pleasant experience and combine its visit with a nutritionally more adequate venue (like a restaurant or a fast food parlor).
- Similar to restaurants but unlike fast food places, it is customary to leave a tip in a curkászda.
Restaurant
Most common restaurants only prepare sandwiches and hot meals on site and they only serve drinks, desserts and snacks purchased from other places. Many restaurants order their desserts from better known cukrászda.
Restaurants usually have waited tables, while most cukrászda (and ice cream parlors) are self-serve based, meaning that you need to stand in line to select your desserts.
Similar to restaurants but unlike fast food places, it is customary to leave a tip in a curkászda.
Similar to fast food venues, most of the desserts are prepared in batches and not on demand, but the batches can rotate quite fast, so some of them may be at most a few hours old and are being refrigerated.
It is very rare to find a full palette of adequate, nutritionally filling choices in a single cukrászda, so a single visit there usually doesn't constitute a full meal - the main course needs to be had at another place (a restaurant, a fast food place or at home).
Craft
No existing common tag can be found.
The proper tag would be:
However, somebody started using this one instead:
- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/confectioner
- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pastry_cook
- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pastrycook
- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pastry_chef
Ad hoc solutions that can be found in the wild at present
France
Austria
Germany
- https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/DE:Tag:shop%3Dbakery
- https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/491188283
- https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/5801121030
- https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/6779142262
Italy
Hungary
No consensus can be found. The most common tags have been applied by a mechanical edit without discussing with the community, so it is not applicable as a reference.
The current iD templates use misleading tagging: "Cukrászda" is tagged as shop=pastry using a croissant icon (e.g., bakery...), while "Cukrász" (the professional who makes cakes and tarts) is tagged as craft=confectionery with a candy icon. This also adds to the confusion of existing tags.
shop=pastry + amenity=cafe on the same node
- This may return false query results for those who wish to look for either a cafe or who want to purchase bread. -Bkil (talk)
Proposed alternatives
meskobalazs
I can support schemas, if it makes it possible to visually distinguish it at a glance and makes it possible to find these kind of places in applications. The current shop=pastry is okay for actual shops, but the more café-like places should be tagged differently (as an amenity). I can support the amenity=cafe + cuisine=cake combination, but not without renderer support. -MeskoBalazs (talk) 08:32, 19 June 2020 (UTC)
- After we agree on a schema across nations and we do a mass retagging, we will arrive at tens thousands of POIs. Renderer support will then come naturally, but they usually won't accept such additions until there exist a large number of data and/or an accepted proposal with the rendering recommendation. -Bkil (talk)
However, I believe the most straighforward option would be introducing a new amenity type (this would solve all of my issues), as for the name, I'd recommend the originally French patisserie, as this is understood more in English (as opposed to the German Konditorei, the Hungarian cukrászda, the Polish cukiernia, the Czech cukrárna, the Slovak cukráreň, etc.). -MeskoBalazs (talk) 08:32, 19 June 2020 (UTC)
- I mentioned it on the talk page that I'm not 100% that konditorei is an exact synonym of patisserie. Wikipedia doesn't seem to implicate that. -Bkil (talk)
bkil/1
If you can take someone on a date here:
- amenity=cafe
- cuisine=*, drink=*, artisan=*, oven=*, a tag to highlight the possibility of "made to order"/"custom" (on_demand=*, preorder=* or something like that)
If you only come here to purchase or order cake and pastry:
- shop=dessert (or some other word)
bkil/2
- amenity=fast_food, cuisine=* and other tags as per above, perhaps along with self_service=*
If you only come here to purchase or order cake and pastry:
- shop=dessert (or some other word)
bkil/3
- amenity=restaurant, cuisine=* and other tags as per above
If you only come here to purchase or order cake and pastry:
- shop=dessert (or some other word)
bkil/4
Create a new top level tag with the given combined meaning of a place where you both frequent on a date and from where you usually order cakes and pastries. Perhaps indicate with takeaway=only and capacity=0 if you can not sit down.
- amenity=dessert (or some other word)
We should be extra cautious to highlight the difference between this and the existing widespread alternative tags.
bkil/5
Create a new top level tag with the meaning of a place where you can sit in and still use the separate shop=dessert for when you can only take away.
- amenity=dessert (or some other word)
Here are some generally useful extra tags: cuisine=*, drink=*, artisan=*, oven=*, produced_on_site=*, organic=*, diet=*, a tag to highlight the possibility of "made to order"/"custom" (on_demand=*, preorder=* or something like that)
bkil/6
Create a new top level tag with the meaning of a place where you can sit in:
Use this if you can only take away:
The term "dessert bakery" isn't a commonly used expression, but it should better highlight the fact that the products are manufactured as well and not just sold. Compared to the somewhat better known "sweet bakery", this wording should leave room for offers of salty or sour products, also prominent in some cultures.
itineris
- If it's a cake shop (take away only), then the current
shop=pastry
is OK. And in this case only. - For a place where one can sit down to eat a slice of cake, it's surely an amenity.
- I would introduce a new tag, like
amenity=patisserie
. I think there are enough places in Europe to have a tag for them. The word "cakery" is too specific for round, flat cakes so I'd stick with "patisserire". Of course, this solution requires renderer support (like an icon with a slice of cake).
-ITineris (talk) 12:23, 19 June 2020 (UTC)
Another option may be sub-dividing the existing amenity=cafe
tag with cuisine=cake
. However, it also requires renderer support for a tag combination, otherwise one only sees a coffee cup icon. Drawbacks: 1. The cuisine tag would be locked, disabling the possibility of listing the exact types one can buy (like cake, pie, tart, meringue, strudel, muffin, cupcake, cookie, etc.) 2. Queries may mix up cafés and patisseries. 3. Hard to distinguish between a café that may serve cake, and a patisserie that may serve coffee. (Though it's clear on the site, often by their names.) -ITineris (talk) 12:23, 19 June 2020 (UTC)
- Actually a data user could filter using regexp to return only those cafes that list cuisine=*cake* (I'm actually not in support of this word here) and/or to list only those without pastries. This is a minor issue, hence it is not the why I don't prefer it. The bigger problem is what if they don't sell coffee? Although I have yet to see a sit-in amenity that does not serve at least some kind of coffee, it could theoretically exist.
- From an end user perspective, I think the two concepts may had been very close together historically, but nowadays I think most cukrászda may have deteriorated from a coffee house level to a manufacturing plant level ("two foldable chair and a board fixed to a wall"). Hence many fixate on only producing goods and serving real restaurants and cafes where people can consume and socialize. But this is only my theory, I would gladly read reviews and video footage about representative cukrászda around the world if you could find any so we could analyze it further. -Bkil (talk)
Hungarian translation
It is a major headache that the most important key words do not have proper translation between English and Hungarian, or their approximate translations misleadingly map to different concepts or subsets of substances (sütemény, péksütemény, cukrászsütemény, édesség, cukrász, torta, desszert, ...).
Hence I would like to devote this section to clarify some of the terms and issues in Hungarian. I used the following sources:
Why we can't translate pastry, sütemény, cukrászsütemény or péksütemény (Hungarian)
A cukrászdában inkább a "sweet pastry" a gyakoribb, míg egy pékségben legalább annyira gyakori a sós illetve húsos "pastry" is.
Valahogy úgy fogalmaznám meg a pastry keresett, második jelentését, hogy "az az (élesztővel vagy tojással) kelesztett, sült tészta alapú desszert amiben a liszt a fő összetevő és vastagabb illetve puhább, minthogy kérge domináljon (és nem torta, fánk)". Ez cukorkában a cukor, tortában pedig a zsír, tojás, tejtermék és cukor (minél kevesebb a liszt benne annál omlósabb, foszlósabb és annál kevésbé szárad ki).
Egy adózási portál megfogalmazása szerint "kelt és zsíros tésztából készített finom pékáru" is kapcsolódik, bár ők nem pont a "pastry" szó jelentését keresték, hanem cask egy felsorolásból emeltem ki.
Másképp fogalmazva a sweet pastry a süteményeknek (cukrászsüteményeknek és péksütemények együttesének) olyan részhalmaza, ami torta, aprósütemény, sodó, fánk, pite és puding kategóriák egyikébe sem tartozik. Hamar kiszárad. Tipikusan hűtést nem igényel, különösen a péksütemény részhalmaz.
A kevéssé édes pastry definíciójához még egy csomó sütőipari terméket hozzá kéne adni illetve kivonni, de ez csak a pékségeknél izgalmas. Arra viszont kíváncsi leszek hogy lehet ezekkel az angol szavakkal megkülönböztetni a pékségeket a cukrászdáktól.
Itt van néhány példa. A franciakrémes szelet sodó alapú tortának minősül. Érdekes módon a rétes pastry-nek számít, mivel hagyományosan a legtöbb országban sokkal kevesebb töltelékkel csinálták mint errefelé. Meglepő módon a kürtőskalácsot tortának veszik. A palacsintát nem sikerült meghatározni, legközelebb a tortákhoz áll, de lehet, hogy egy külön kategória a desszertek alatt.
Konkrétan például ezeket pastry néven illetik, míg magyarban helytelen lenne péksüteménynek hívni:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6rek
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flies%27_graveyard
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petits_four
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profiterole
Talán onnan ered a confectionery vs. pastry vs. cukrászda összemosódás, hogy a cukrász, cukrászat, confectioner is hagyományosan mind cukormázasítással, cukor stilizálással, ízesítéssel, "cukorművészettel" foglalkozott, de idővel ezen feladatkörök kiterjedtek, és az országtól függ, hogy pontosan melyik irányba. Sok helyen inkább a "tészta" cukrozás vált a fő vonallá (pastry cook).
A confection főleg édességet, esetleg csemegét jelent, amit a Wikipédia különféle "sütemény" cikkei alapján ránézésre elég konzisztensen használnak a nagyon magas cukortartalmú desszertekre (például se tortákra, se "tészta" (pastry) alapúakra nem láttam eddig).
Ugyanakkor mint fent kiemeltem a "confectionery" fő jelentése a FreeDict szerint:
- sütemény ("bakers' confections and sugar confections"),
- cukrászsütemény,
- édesség ("sugar confections"),
- és még említi a cukrászatot és cukrászdát is, amit viszont hibának tartok mert a Wikipédia nem támasztja alá.
Ez a lista többszörösen túlterhelt, ellentmondásos. És úgy általában sem érdemes olyan szavakat választani OpenStreetMap címkézési célra ami többértelmű illetve ennyire kultúrafüggő. Tehát a "cuisine:confectionery=*" helyett javaslom a "cuisine:sugar_confections=*", esetleg "cuisine:sugar_confectionery=*" kifejezést ami kevésbé problémás.
A másik jelentésének kiírása ("cuisine:bakers_confections=*") helyett célszerűbb felbontani kategóriák szerint, mivel a pékekkel nagy az átfedés és/vagy még mindig jónak érzem a "desserts" szót.
A cukrászdában valóban ritkán árulnak cukorkát ("candy"), de más sugar confection előfordul: marzipan ("marcipán"), caramel figures, marshmallow ("pillecukor").
Péksütemény taxonomy (Hungarian)
A Soós Pékség által használt taxonómia és az alábbi munkafüzet alapján:
- http://www.soospek.hu/termekeink/pektermekek
- https://www.nive.hu/Downloads/Szakkepzesi_dokumentumok/Bemeneti_kompetenciak_meresi_ertekelesi_eszkozrendszerenek_kialakitasa/21_0532_tartalomelem_010_munkaanyag_100430.pdf
- https://www.nive.hu/Downloads/Szakkepzesi_dokumentumok/Bemeneti_kompetenciak_meresi_ertekelesi_eszkozrendszerenek_kialakitasa/21_0532_tartalomelem_009_munkaanyag_100430.pdf
- https://elelmiszerlanc.kormany.hu/download/4/4a/02000/1_3_16_1%20M%C3%89%20S%C3%BCt%C5%91ipari%20term%C3%A9kek_%202018%20janu%C3%A1r%201_m%C3%B3dos%C3%ADt%C3%A1s.pdf
Soós fő kategóriái:
- Péktermékek
- Cukrásztermékek (náluk csak a magyar nyelvben kör alakú tortaként ismert található)
- Fagylaltok
A 2018-as jogszabályból:
> 40. Péksütemény: ipari (kisipari) körülmények között, különböző összetétellel, vizes, tejes, dúsított tésztából előállított termékek gyűjtőneve, amelyek összetételében az étkezési zsiradék és a cukor együttes mennyisége a felhasznált lisztre számított 10%-ot nem éri el. > 21. Finom pékáruk: a tojással dúsított, az omlós és a leveles tésztából készült sütőipari termékek, amelyek jellegzetessége, hogy receptúrájukban az étkezési zsiradék és a cukor együttes mennyisége a felhasznált lisztre számítva legalább 10%.
A munkafüzetből:
> A sütőiparban a péksüteményeket fehértermékeknek hívjuk. > A péksütemények meghatározása: a péksütemények ipari, kisipari körülmények között különböző összetétellel előállított, legfeljebb 500g egységtömegű sütött termékek lehetnek. > A sütőipari fehér termékek fogalom-meghatározása, alaptípusai: A sütőipari fehér termékek – péksütemények – finomlisztből, többnyire járulékos dúsítóanyagok hozzáadásával, lazítással készített élelmiszerek.
Szabványos liszt alapú sütőipari termékek (itt a kettőspont utáni felsorolás mindig csak példákat tartalmaz, nem teljeskörű!):
- Kenyérfélék (MÉ 2-81/01)
- Vizes tésztából készült péksütemények (MÉ 2-81/02): zsemle
- Tejes tésztából készült péksütemények (MÉ 2-81/03): sós kiflik, stanglik, császárzsemlék, kerek mákos kalács, fonott kalács, nagykifli, szegedi vágott
- Dúsított tésztából készült péksütemények (MÉ 2-81/04): perecek, burgonyás bordás, paprikáskifli, uzsonnarúd, mindszenti kalács
- Tojással dúsított tésztából készült finom pékáruk (MÉ 2-81/05): mazsolás/kakaós kalácsok, bagel, lekváros bukta, túrós batyu, briós, puffancs, lekváros kelt tekercs
- Omlós tésztából készült finom pékáruk (MÉ 2-81/06): omlós pogácsák, omlós tekercs, omlós piték
- Leveles tésztából készült finom pékáruk (MÉ 2-81/07): leveles rétesek, búrkiflik, kakaós csiga, pizzás csiga, ízes levél, pikante, sajtos/virslis roló, chilis levél, káposztás hasé, meggyes rácsos, rongyos kifli, leveles rúd, leveles pogácsa, túrós táska
A Soós pékség kínálatában található extra péktermékek:
- Felvert tészták (lisztmentes): Habtészta (windmassza), Sacher felvert (Sacher torta), Ánizskenyér.
- Csomagolt sütemények saját cukrászatuktól: cookies (isler, linzel, édes teasütemény, sós masni, sós kocka), bejgli, angyalkalács, Drezdai kalács (stollen)
- Szendvicsek (saját alapanyagokból)
Glossary
Desserts
- confectionery and candies - édességek, cukorkák és nyalókák
- cakes - "torták", de közé értendő: kuglóf, kürtős kalács (valaki még ide sorolja a gofrit és palacsintát)
- pastries - magas liszttartalmú, tészta alapú kis sütödei termékek, más megfogalmazásban kelt és zsíros tésztából készített finom pékáru (közte kakaós csiga, profiterole, börek, búrkifli, minyon, rétes, beigli, de van aki az egész cookies kategóriát ide sorolja) (az aprósütemény megint többértelmű, egy része cookies, másik része pastries)
- scones - pogácsák, sütőporos vagy kovásztalan tészták (aki nem ismeri pastry néven illetné, de az kelt tészta)
- sweet pies and tarts - édes piték és "tart"
- cookies - teasütemények és kekszek (nem értek egyet a Wikipédiával ami összevonja)
- custards - sodók
- dessert sauces - öntetek
- doughnuts - fánk
- frozen desserts and ice cream - fagylaltok
- puddings - puding állagúak (lásd még tejberizs)
POI
- shop=confectionery édességbolt
- shop=pastry aprósütemény- és finom pékárubolt (Not a good translation, but at least it excludes the confusing cakes category)
- shop=cakery tortabolt
- shop=... cukrászat, cukrászda üzlete
- amenity=... cukrászda vendéglátóhely
Dessert taxonomy
See also: w:List of desserts
cake
- sweet pancakes
- waffle
torte
A rich, usually multilayered, cake that is filled with whipped cream, buttercreams, mousses, jams, or fruits. Ordinarily, the cooled torte is glazed and garnished. Tortes are commonly baked in a springform pan. Sponge cake is a common base, but a torte's cake layers may instead be made with little to no flour, using ingredients such as ground nuts or breadcrumbs.
This is what is called "torta" in Hungarian, sometimes mistakenly translated as "cake".
sugar confections
- candies
cookies
- biscuits
custards
dessert sauces
doughnuts
frozen desserts
- ice cream
sweet pastries
scones
sweet pies
- pie
- tarts
- flans
puddings
uncategorized
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chokladboll
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csonggva
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birsalmasajt
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brem
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3kan
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericalla
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jot
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kkulthare
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvaphjon
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocsi
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9gercs%C3%B3k
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szakuramocsi
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szuksilgva
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasik
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tejbegr%C3%ADz
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tejesm%C3%A1l%C3%A9
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ttok
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufahija
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAr%C3%B3_Rudi