Zh-hans:Key:name
name |
说明 |
---|
Name 标签为一个元素命名的最主要的标签. |
组: Names |
用于这些元素 |
已记载的值: 28 |
另见 |
|
状态:实际使用 |
此标签的工具 |
此键设置为现实世界中的主要名称。它是几个与名称相关的键中最重要的。
用法
- 主条目:Names
提供OpenStreetMap命名的详细信息. 更多的内容和用法参见Names .
根据经验,本标签将是各种地图中第一名称,是编辑者希望数据使用者在标签或其它界面元素中显示的名称。以下是名称的常见来源:
- 贴在要素本身的标志上最显眼的名称,特别是对于建筑物环境中的要素;
- 其它地方标志上的要素名称,例如指路牌;
- 常见或官方用法,特别是对于自然环境中的要素。
您可以使用source:name=*来标注您确定要素名称的途径。
有时这些来源不可信:一个要素可能以不同的名称为不同的人或不同的地方所知。如有疑问,OpenStreetMap倾向于实地的情况。例如,有争议领土的名称将与对该领土拥有实际控制权的一方的用法相一致。[1] 然而,在地规则不是绝对的;您可能需要使用常识:
- 如果一个城市在当地有昵称,最好把昵称放在loc_name=*里,把标准名放到name=*里,即使当地人不经常使用标准名称。
- 如果路标为了节省空间而使用缩写名称,但可以合理地完整拼出名称,则name=*也应完整拼出。
- 如果一个官方名称冗长或晦涩,并且在实践中很少有人使用它,即使它有路标,也最好将官方名称放在official_name=*或alt_name=*中,而不是将其视为第一名称。
- 如果一个标志明显错误,可以使用not:name=*来防止没有本地知识的编辑者在OpenStreetMap中传播错误。
主名称通常应使用当地语言。如果您不熟悉该地区,请尝试使用当地约定。但是,如果要素的真实名称与当地主要语言不同,可能需要具体问题具体分析。例如,面向游客的礼品店或迎合移民社区的杂货店可能会用外语命名。
在以下情况下不要使用name=*:
- 该要素在现实世界中未命名。如果它是应该有名字的要素类型,例如街道,则应使用noname=yes确认省略name=*是故意的,而不是让其成为等待另一个绘图者修复的问题。
- 该要素由generic term or description已知。使用要素标签以一种语言中立、机器可读的方式指示类型。如果其它标签不能完全表达该功能与其他同类产品的区别,您也可以使用description=*或note=*。
- 该要素由地址或编号或代码得知。
值
下方是主要的值:
Key | Value | Element | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
name | User defined | The common default name. Notes:
For details refer to Names#Good_practice. | |
name:<xx> | User defined | Name in different language; e.g., name:fr=Londres. Note that all key variants below can use a language suffix. See: Multilingual names. | |
name:left[:<xx>], name:right[:<xx>] | User defined | Used when a way has different names for different sides (e.g., a street that's forming the boundary between two municipalities). | |
int_name[:<xx>] | User defined | International name. Consider using language specific names instead; e.g., name:en=.... International does not (necessarily) mean English. It is used to give the name transliterated to Latin script in Belarus, Bulgaria, Greece, Kazakhstan and Northern Macedonia | |
loc_name[:<xx>] | User defined | Local name. | |
nat_name[:<xx>] | User defined | National name. | |
official_name[:<xx>] | User defined | Official name. Useful where there is some elaborate official name, while a different one is a common name typically used. Example: official_name=Principat d'Andorra (where "name" is name=Andorra). | |
old_name[:<xx>] | User defined | Historical/old name, still in some use. | |
ref_name[:<xx>] | User defined | Unique, human-readable name of this object in an external data management system. | |
reg_name[:<xx>] | User defined | Regional name. | |
short_name[:<xx>] | User defined | Should be a recognizable commonly-used short version of the name, not a nickname (use alt_name for that), useful for searching (recognized by Nominatim). | |
sorting_name[:<xx>] | User defined | Name, used for correct sorting of names — This is only needed when sorting names cannot be based only on their orthography (using the Unicode Collation Algorithm with collation tables tailored by language and script, or when sorted lists of names are including names written in multiple languages and/or scripts) but requires ignoring some parts such as:
all of them being ignored at the primary sort level and not easily inferable by a preprocessing algorithm. | |
alt_name[:<xx>] | User defined | Alternative name by which the feature is known. If there is a name that does not fit in any of the above keys, alt_name can be used; e.g., name=Field Fare Road and alt_name=Fieldfare Road, or name=University Centre and alt_name=Grad Pad. In rare cases, the key is used for multiple semicolon-separated names; e.g. alt_name=name1;name2;name3, but this usage is not preferred. | |
nickname[:<xx>] | User defined | Nickname (e.g. "Warschauer Allee" for BAB 2 in Germany 3140168 3140168). | |
Do not use this tag, suffixed name tagging for multiple values is deprecated. |
This table is a wiki template with a default description in English. Editable here.
键的变体可以带有日期名字空间后缀(例如“old_name:en:1921-1932”)。
所有记录的子项:
- Key:name:TEC
- Key:name:aaq
- Key:name:ab
- Key:name:abe
- Key:name:ace
- Key:name:ady
- Key:name:af
- Key:name:ak
- Key:name:aln
- Key:name:alq
- Key:name:als
- Key:name:alt
- Key:name:am
- Key:name:an
- Key:name:ang
- Key:name:ar
- Key:name:arc
- Key:name:arz
- Key:name:as
- Key:name:ast
- Key:name:aus
- Key:name:av
- Key:name:ay
- Key:name:az
- Key:name:azb
- Key:name:ba
- Key:name:bal
- Key:name:ban
- Key:name:bar
- Key:name:bat-smg
- Key:name:bcl
- Key:name:be
- Key:name:be-tarask
- Key:name:ber
- Key:name:bg
- Key:name:bh
- Key:name:bi
- Key:name:bjn
- Key:name:bm
- Key:name:bn
- Key:name:bo
- Key:name:botanical
- Key:name:bpy
- Key:name:br
- Key:name:brh
- Key:name:bru
- Key:name:brx
- Key:name:bs
- Key:name:bug
- Key:name:bxr
- Key:name:ca
- Key:name:car
- Key:name:carnaval
- Key:name:cdo
- Key:name:ce
- Key:name:ceb
- Key:name:ch
- Key:name:chm
- Key:name:cho
- Key:name:chp
- Key:name:chr
- Key:name:chy
- Key:name:ckb
- Key:name:clc
- Key:name:cnr
- Key:name:cnr-Cyrl
- Key:name:co
- Key:name:cr
- Key:name:crh
- Key:name:cs
- Key:name:csb
- Key:name:cu
- Key:name:cv
- Key:name:cy
- Key:name:da
- Key:name:dak
- Key:name:de
- Key:name:del
- Key:name:diq
- Key:name:doi
- Key:name:dsb
- Key:name:dv
- Key:name:dyu
- Key:name:dz
- Key:name:ee
- Key:name:egl
- Key:name:el
- Key:name:en
- Key:name:eo
- Key:name:es
- Key:name:esu
- Key:name:et
- Key:name:etymology
- Key:name:etymology:wikidata
- Key:name:etymology:wikipedia
- Key:name:eu
- Key:name:ext
- Key:name:fa
- Key:name:ff
- Key:name:fi
- Key:name:fil
- Key:name:fit
- Key:name:fj
- Key:name:fkv
- Key:name:fo
- Key:name:fr
- Key:name:frp
- Key:name:frr
- Key:name:fur
- Key:name:fy
- Key:name:ga
- Key:name:gaceria
- Key:name:gag
- Key:name:gan
- Key:name:gc
- Key:name:gcf
- Key:name:gd
- Key:name:gem
- Key:name:gil
- Key:name:gl
- Key:name:glk
- Key:name:gn
- Key:name:gom
- Key:name:gr
- Key:name:grc
- Key:name:gsw
- Key:name:gu
- Key:name:gv
- Key:name:ha
- Key:name:hak
- Key:name:haw
- Key:name:he
- Key:name:hi
- Key:name:hif
- Key:name:hil
- Key:name:hop
- Key:name:hr
- Key:name:hsb
- Key:name:ht
- Key:name:hu
- Key:name:hy
- Key:name:ia
- Key:name:id
- Key:name:ie
- Key:name:ig
- Key:name:ii
- Key:name:ik
- Key:name:ilo
- Key:name:inh
- Key:name:io
- Key:name:is
- Key:name:it
- Key:name:iu
- Key:name:ja
- Key:name:ja-Hira
- Key:name:ja-Latn
- Key:name:ja kana
- Key:name:ja rm
- Key:name:jbo
- Key:name:jv
- Key:name:ka
- Key:name:ka-Latn
- Key:name:kaa
- Key:name:kab
- Key:name:kbd
- Key:name:kg
- Key:name:ki
- Key:name:kio
- Key:name:kk
- Key:name:kl
- Key:name:km
- Key:name:kmr
- Key:name:kn
- Key:name:kn:iso15919
- Key:name:ko
- Key:name:ko-Hani
- Key:name:ko-Latn
- Key:name:koi
- Key:name:kr
- Key:name:krc
- Key:name:krj
- Key:name:krl
- Key:name:ks
- Key:name:ksh
- Key:name:ku
- Key:name:kum
- Key:name:kv
- Key:name:kw
- Key:name:ky
- Key:name:la
- Key:name:lad
- Key:name:language
- Key:name:lb
- Key:name:lbe
- Key:name:left
- Key:name:lez
- Key:name:lfn
- Key:name:lg
- Key:name:li
- Key:name:lij
- Key:name:lkt
- Key:name:lld
- Key:name:lmo
- Key:name:ln
- Key:name:lo
- Key:name:lrc
- Key:name:lt
- Key:name:ltg
- Key:name:lus
- Key:name:lv
- Key:name:lzh
- Key:name:mai
- Key:name:mak
- Key:name:mdf
- Key:name:mfe
- Key:name:mg
- Key:name:mh
- Key:name:mhn
- Key:name:mhr
- Key:name:mi
- Key:name:mic
- Key:name:min
- Key:name:mk
- Key:name:ml
- Key:name:mn
- Key:name:mnc
- Key:name:mni
- Key:name:moe
- Key:name:moh
- Key:name:mos
- Key:name:mr
- Key:name:mrj
- Key:name:ms
- Key:name:ms-Arab
- Key:name:mt
- Key:name:mtp
- Key:name:mus
- Key:name:mwl
- Key:name:my
- Key:name:myv
- Key:name:mzn
- Key:name:na
- Key:name:nah
- Key:name:nan
- Key:name:nan-Hant
- Key:name:nan-Latn-pehoeji
- Key:name:nan-Latn-tailo
- Key:name:nap
- Key:name:nb
- Key:name:nds
- Key:name:ne
- Key:name:network:*
- Key:name:new
- Key:name:nl
- Key:name:nn
- Key:name:no
- Key:name:non
- Key:name:nov
- Key:name:nrf
- Key:name:nrm
- Key:name:nso
- Key:name:nuk
- Key:name:nv
- Key:name:ny
- Key:name:oc
- Key:name:oj
- Key:name:oka
- Key:name:om
- Key:name:or
- Key:name:os
- Key:name:osa
- Key:name:ota
- Key:name:pa
- Key:name:pag
- Key:name:pam
- Key:name:pap
- Key:name:pcd
- Key:name:pdc
- Key:name:pfl
- Key:name:pi
- Key:name:pih
- Key:name:pjt
- Key:name:pl
- Key:name:pms
- Key:name:pnb
- Key:name:pnt
- Key:name:pot
- Key:name:prefix
- Key:name:pronunciation
- Key:name:ps
- Key:name:pt
- Key:name:pwn
- Key:name:qu
- Key:name:qua
- Key:name:rgn
- Key:name:right
- Key:name:rm
- Key:name:rmy
- Key:name:rn
- Key:name:ro
- Key:name:rrm
- Key:name:ru
- Key:name:ru:word stress
- Key:name:rue
- Key:name:rup
- Key:name:rw
- Key:name:sa
- Key:name:sah
- Key:name:sat
- Key:name:sc
- Key:name:scn
- Key:name:sco
- Key:name:sd
- Key:name:se
- Key:name:sg
- Key:name:sgs
- Key:name:sh
- Key:name:shn
- Key:name:shs
- Key:name:si
- Key:name:sjd
- Key:name:sje
- Key:name:sju
- Key:name:sk
- Key:name:skr
- Key:name:sl
- Key:name:sm
- Key:name:sma
- Key:name:smj
- Key:name:smn
- Key:name:sms
- Key:name:sn
- Key:name:so
- Key:name:sq
- Key:name:squ
- Key:name:sr
- Key:name:sr-Latn
- Key:name:srn
- Key:name:ss
- Key:name:st
- Key:name:stq
- Key:name:str
- Key:name:su
- Key:name:sv
- Key:name:sw
多个名字
如果一个要素有多个名称,首先尝试选择一个语义丰富的标签,如表中的任何一个(例:short_name=*、old_name=*等)。如果它们都不合适,选用alt_name=*标签。如果有多个名称不合适,可以在alt_name=*中用分号分隔。
- 在有多种语言的地区或地方,不同语言的多个名称可能足够相关以包含在name=*中。使用分号以外的分隔符,例如“/”或“-”,可能在当地约定俗成。但这不能替代特定语言的键,例如name:en=*表示英语。
- 一些国际边界上的要素(通常是水体)在name=*中有多个值,以免某一个国家的名称优先于另一个国家。
- 在相对罕见的情况下,兴趣点等不那么突出的要素可能会出现多名称并用的情况。例如,一家企业可能会交替使用两个名称,并将每个名称张贴在建筑物的不同立面。在用多个值标注name=*之前,请确保它们确实同等使用,并且没有更结构化的方式来表示命名情况。[2]
一些渲染器会将分号分隔符转换为更美观的东西,例如破折号或换行符,但许多其他数据使用者假定name=*中仅有一个值,因此分号可能会原样出现,让用户感到惊讶。
道路名称
道路名称,尤其是公路名称,可以用来纪念个人。根据地区的具体情况,道路名称可能会出现在每个路口的显眼位置,也可能只在道路的两端出现一次或两次,或者可能有其它一些安排。在许多地区,高速公路可能会被命名,但只有路线编号有路标。如果名称适合一般用途(例如导航),请使用name=*标签; 否则,使用official_name=*或alt_name=*标签。
附加数据
编辑
许多OpenStreetMap编辑器在其要素预设中为属性name=*提供了一个字段。StreetComplete有quests (“这条路/步行街/广场的名称是什么?” 和“这个地方的名字是什么?[...]”)为要素添加name=*标签。
可能的错误标签
参见
- name:etymology=* - 要素名称所纪念的主题;
- Multilingual names - 多语言名称;
- noname=yes - 用于标记在现实中某物确实没有名字的要素;
- strapline=* - 名称旁边所使用的官方广告标语
- unnamed=* - 用于标记缺失名称的要素。在验证后显示在现实中确实没有定义名称时,请考虑使用noname=*代替。
- Key:description - 用于描述一个要素。
- ↑ 该项目关于有争议的边界、名称和描述的做法参见OpenStreetMap基金会官方声明
- ↑ 例如,这个商店在顾客停车场的前面自称为“Fun House”,而在顾客进入的后门则自称为“Flag House”。